Category Archives: Water and Hydrocarbons

New Report from Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives: Fracking Up Our Water, Hydro Power and Climate

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Read this vital new report from Ben Parfitt and the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives on the impacts of fracking technology and resource development in BC.

“A new study concludes that BC’s ballooning shale gas industry is the
natural gas equivalent of Alberta’s tar sands, placing the province’s
water and hydro resource at risk as well as jeopardizing climate change
policies.

Despite industry and government assertions that natural gas from
shale rock is a ‘green’ alternative to other fossil fuels, the study
released today by the Canadian Centre for Policy Alternatives and
Wilderness Committee finds the opposite, and lays much of the blame on
the controversial gas extraction technology known as hydraulic
fracturing, or ‘fracking.'” (Nov. 9, 2011)

Read report: http://www.policyalternatives.ca/fracking

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Talisman's water pipe from the Williston Reservoir - under construction this past October

Energy Minister Lied About Consulting Public on Frack Water Pipeline

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Did BC Energy Minister Rich Coleman outright lie in the Legislature when he promised public consultation for a massive new pipeline to draw billions of litres of water from BC’s biggest hydroelectric dam, the Williston Reservoir, to supply the natural gas industry? A new documentary from Global TV leaves little doubt he did just that.

This past weekend, Global TV’s national investigative journal, 16×9, aired a 16 min story titled “Untested Science”, on the exploding natural gas hydraulic fracturing (or “fracking”) industry in Northeast BC and Alberta. I assisted with the film, contributing a significant amount of footage from a forthcoming feature documentary project I’m working on with another Vancouver filmmaker, Fiona Rayher.

For me, the most poignant aspect of the must-see story was its coverage of the enormous use and contamination of fresh water for these fracking operations, which blast a mixture of high-pressure water, sand and toxic chemicals deep underground to crack open shale formations, thus releasing gases trapped within. The practice has become highly controversial everywhere it’s practiced around the world – generating a ban in France and moratoria in places like Quebec and parts of the Northeast United States. Meanwhile, BC, a global hotbed for the industry, has largely escaped public and regulatory scrutiny – but that’s starting to change, as this 16×9 documentary demonstrates.

The story clearly shows Minister Coleman, responding in the Legislature this past June to a question from Independent MLA Bob Simpson – who, along with fellow Independent MLA Vicki Huntington, has worked hard to put fracking under the microscope in Victoria – regarding the then-proposed water pipeline by fracking giant Talisman Energy and Canbriam Energy into the Williston Reservoir.

Mr. Simpson asked whether the proposal by Talisman Energy and Cambrian Energy to remove 7.3 Billion litres of water a year from behind the dam has in fact already been approved, without public consultation. Here’s how Coleman replied:

“There will be an extensive process of public consultation, discussion and negotiations with First Nations before anything would go ahead.”

Two months later, the companies got their approval – in the form of 20 year water extraction licenses from the BC Government – absent any public consultation. The highlight of Global’s program is the bumbling response of Coleman to their questions about why he lied in the Legislature when he promised “an extensive process of public consultation.” Here’s part of Coleman’s feeble answer: “…And that could have been a mistake in language by me…I mean, basically what I was trying to say is that we would do government process with regards to water licenses.”

By the time I was up in the Peace Valley in early October, the construction was already well underway, proceeding at a furious pace. I counted 3 different coupling machines at work, fusing together 50-60 foot lengths of black polyethylene pipe, approximately 10-12 inches in width – for two side-by-side pipelines.

A worker there described the process to me. The machine heats up one end of each pipe, then presses them together until they bond. Each machine can fuse a new length of pipe every half hour or so. With at least three machines running, the construction of the 37 mile pipeline from the edge of the reservoir to the companies’ nearby fracking leases was progressing rapidly.

I drove out to the end of the line, where the twin pipes will eventually plunge into the reservoir and begin hoovering out 10 million litres of water every day – mind you, before it gets turned into electricity for British Columbians by passing through the dam’s turbines (it’s of course also permanently removed from the Peace River’s downstream ecologies). While filming the work underway there, a silver truck from Talisman barreled up to me. The driver rolled down his window and began barking questions at me; as soon as he ascertained I didn’t work for the company he told me to “Take my pictures and fuck off.” He claimed it was private property, to which I replied that we’d have to agree to disagree on that point – in perfectly well-mannered, expletive-free speech (okay, maybe not quite). I finished my filming at a deliberately leisurely pace, packed up and left.

What I didn’t get into with this fellow from Talisman was the fact that my family’s ranch, Goldbar at 20 Mile, sits beneath that there reservoir. It was flooded years ago to provide the people of BC with affordable electricity – not for the fracking industry to get its water. And therein lies the problem with this whole scenario – or one of them, anyway.

British Columbians are being told by Coleman and his government that we need to flood yet another section of the Peace River Valley for Site C Dam; and yet all of the power from that dam is destined not for BC households and small businesses, but to power the fracking industry and up to six new mines in the region (BC’s electrical demands are on a steep decline, to the point we’re currently abundantly self-sufficient in electricity).

Meanwhile, we’re sucking unmade electricity – in the form of water – from an existing hydroelectric reservoir, to provide another vital resource for fracking. And all this electricity and water go to industry at a fraction of what it’s worth. We’re currently selling power to big industry for about half what you and I pay on our residential bills – and that gap is only set to widen.

So here is the question facing British Columbians, when it comes to the fracking industry and the matter of Site C Dam:

Do you support subsidizing the oil and gas and coal industries with endless amounts of fresh water – including taking it from our public hydroelectric dam – plus building a $10 Billion new dam, to be paid for by your tax dollars and much increased power bills, all so these industries can get their power for half to a third what you pay for it?

That’s the deal Energy Minster Rich Coleman and Premier Christy Clark would have you do. Just don’t expect them to ask you this question. They’ve made their position on public consultation abundantly clear.

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Clark’s Answer to Deepening Debt: Pretend Shipping Tar Sands to China Means “Jobs” for BC

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Christy Clark, aka Premier Photo-Op, has a big mess on her hands – but, fear not, she’ll let us all muck about in it.
 
The government is in deepening debt and Ms. Clark can’t pretend that it’s a mystery how that came about. While there are many causes the principal one is that the government didn’t see the Recession coming and, when it came, went into denial. The budget of 2009 with which they proudly went to the polls was an utter and deliberate sham. Ditto the HST.
 
How is Clark going to deal with this?
 
Easy – Jobs! Jobs! Jobs!
 
And where will those jobs come from?
 
In part from exports to China. Apparently Premier Clark hasn’t heard that China has its own Recession going, Big Time. Their banking system is essentially the government and only looks good on paper because the US owes them so much. Their mega-projects, especially the Three Gorges Dam, have become serious fiscal problems.
 
What is truly worrying is that Ms. Clark will try to create employment, preparatory to election time, on her own mega-projects such as the proposed Enbridge pipeline to Kitimat and the related tanker traffic down our treacherous coast. Environmental rules, such as they are, will become a chimera – a cynical gesture of contempt to citizens who put protection of our environment ahead of Ms. Clark’s election prospects. Fracking, the natural gas extraction which pollutes huge amounts of water, will be hugely encouraged.
 
The entire policy of the Campbell/Clark government will be to have in place a policy which she believes will mesmerize the public into believing that prosperity is just around the corner.
 
If the genie gave me but one wish it would be that everyone understands that pipelines and tanker traffic don’t pose risks but certainties. We must hammer this home as the corporations move into high gear with their high paid flacks to convince the public that they really do care about the environment. The fact is that they couldn’t care less about the environment or any social values. Oil spills are not seen for the ugly destruction they bring but merely the cost of doing business.
 
We environmentalists have to face facts – we haven’t the money to match the outputs of both government and industry. We must get down to basics – the issue is not money or jobs but the preservation of our very soul. We must care for our fish not because we fish but because when we lose them we lose a part of us. When we lose our wilderness we don’t do so just in some sort of abstract way but in the real sense that we, each and every one of us, have sustained a wound that will never go away.
 
There is no “safe” way you can construct and maintain pipelines or transfer oil on tankers. You can’t, in that most weasely of weasel words, “mitigate” the damage. We have to understand that from the moment you start the first pipe installation, the first step on the road to certain environmental devastation has been taken. When the first barrel of oil starts through the pipe, catastrophe has become merely a question of “when”.
 
The arguments we make are never met head-on. The answer will be, “aw hell, you don’t really believe those eco-freaks, do you?” “Jeez, this is the 21st century, sure we can do these things with little or no risk these days”, “Let those goddam tree huggers talk to the guys out of work”. “If you don’t move forward, you’ll end up going backwards”. There are plenty more one-liners.
 
There is no doubt that society must change; our ambitions must take into account a different society. For if we permit the destruction of our environment, what do we have left of the beautiful province we all love so much. The unemployed are not so because of environmentalists but because of a society that finds it easier to destroy than create.

While I do not let religion get in the way of rational debate, surely it’s utterly apropos to remember Jesus’s words, “For what shall it profit a man, if he shall gain the whole world, and lose his own soul?”

And, folks, it’s our soul that’s at stake here.

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Clark Government, Oil Lobby Agree Better Regs Needed for Fracking

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Read this report form The Globe and Mail on the Clark Government’s recent announcement that it will be taking steps to better regulate the controversial hydraulic fracturing industry regarding key issues such as water and chemical use. The Canadian Association of Petroleum Producers also released its own report backing more stringent regulations.

“British Columbia will force oil companies to reveal the chemicals
used in hydraulic fracturing, a move supported by the leading industry
association as it looks to head off public opposition to shale gas
production across the country. B.C. Premier Christy Clark
announced on Thursday that the government will establish a public
registry which will detail where companies are engaged in hydraulic
fracturing, and the chemicals they are using in the fluids that are shot
into the rock to unlock natural gas.” (Sept. 9, 2011)

http://www.theglobeandmail.com/report-on-business/industry-news/energy-and-resources/oil-industry-backs-more-rules-for-fracking/article2158931/

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Drills for fracking operations near Hudson's Hope, BC

What “Fracking” is About

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Until a couple of months ago I had never heard of “fracking”.
I now understand why. And I should have known.

Governments, by long standing habit, don’t like smarty pants
environmentalists to learn what the hell is going on and thus be able
to alert the masses, for those masses can mess up the process. The BC
government’s policy was neatly summed up by Finance Minister Kevin
Falcon when he was Transport Minister. Frustrated by boo-birds who
were always asking questions, going to public meetings and
demonstrating, said the Chinese “don’t have the labour or
environmental restrictions we do. It’s not like they have to do
community consultations. They just say ‘we’re building a bridge’ and
they move everyone out of there and get going within two weeks. Could
you imagine if we could build like that?”

Here is as good a definition I could find for “fracking”:

Horizontal hydrofracking is a means of tapping shale deposits
containing natural gas that were previously inaccessible by
conventional drilling. Vertical hydrofracking is used to extend the
life of an existing well once its productivity starts to run out,
sort of a last resort. Horizontal fracking differs in that it uses a
mixture of 596 chemicals, many of them proprietary, and millions of
gallons of water per frack. This water then becomes contaminated and
must be cleaned and disposed of.

What happens is that the drilling is not done vertically but
horizontally which allows the company to recover huge quantities of
natural gas unobtainable by vertical drilling and they do it by
forcing huge quantities of water laced with the chemicals mentioned.

Knowing that, what sorts of questions are running through your
mind?

  • Does this process weaken the ground so that it might
    collapse?

  • Where do they get all that water from?

  • What happens to the river or lake from which all that water
    was taken?

  • What happens if it comes from a reservoir for a dam, does its
    loss reduce the capacity of that dam?

  • Does it go into the water table? Assuming that it has to go
    somewhere, how clean is it?

  • Does the process have any greenhouse gas emissions?

  • What about people who live and/or work in the area – does
    this process affect them adversely?

This isn’t something that came down the river on a piece of bark
but is a major undertaking throughout North America. The Atlantic
Provinces are involved and Quebec has suspended fracking until there
has been a detailed environmental review.

What about the BC government? Surely they have done studies,
issued a white paper and encouraged public involvement!

Not a chance. The Minister responsible – the Minister of Forests,
Lands and Natural Resource Operations, Steve Thomson – simply refuses
to comment. You will note that the Minister of Environment is not
involved in this huge environmental question mark.

Here we go again, folks! This is the Campbell/Clark Energy plan
all over again. Bring in a policy with huge implications for the
environment and just refuse to answer obvious questions and, for God’s
sake, don’t have any public hearings! The entire environmental policy
of this, the worst government since the Coalition of the 40s and
probably beyond, is to simply ram things through and the public can go to
hell.

We must assume that companies will lie through their teeth which
is quite understandable when you remember that their sole objective
of existing is to make money for shareholders. I don’t say that with
a sneer – it’s simply that their raison d’etre does not permit
them to utter a discouraging word about anything they do.

“Good corporate citizen” is an oxymoron. Whatever they
do from sponsoring a Little League Team to building a new wing to a
hospital has a profitable pay-back. They don’t make gifts
anonymously.

They hire the most expensive liars of earth, the Public Relations
industry, to distract the public with literature and film that would
make Josef Goebbels blush with pride. That, armed with some crap from
the Fraser Institute and a rigidly right wing government is all
that’s needed.

It’s all rather like the aphorism, “If a husband sends his
wife flowers for no reason, there’s a reason.” If the government
doesn’t want you to know, there is a reason – and the reason with this government is invariably that they and industry are about to
do it to you again. Lie, obfuscate and clam up is the way the game is
played.

The underlying philosophy of this government is as Kevin Falcon
stated – the public is a nuisance. Don’t level with them for it might
worry the little dears.

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Are They Ganging up on the People and Environment?

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Just before I get down to business, I know that all environmentalists will be saddened that a former member of the group, Patrick Moore, allegedly got stiffed by a client for $120,000. I hate to sound like a “Johnny-come-lately” with good advice but, Pat, there are some professions where it’s wise to get your money up front.
 
Those who specialize in conspiracy theories – I’m a sometime member but inching closer to full membership – might wonder if the despoilers of our environment are ganging up on us. This thought came to me as someone representing yet another very worthy cause came to me asking for advice – this one was on the “smart meters” proposed by the bankrupt BC Hydro, which somehow has a billion plus rattling around in their jeans. This is interesting because the difference between this and a tax is invisible and the Campbell/Clark government hasn’t even bothered to go through the motions of putting it to a vote in the Legislature – in addition to removing oversight authority from the public’s supposed watchdog, The BC Utilities Commission (also stripped of authority over Site C Dam and private power projects).
 
The fish farm debate heats up, if that’s possible, as we learn the scientist who advised the provincial government – standing against all other fish biologists dealing with this subject – was practicing voodoo science. That’s not quite what a colleague said about Dick Beamish but one must infer it from what he did say as he dissociated himself from anything Beamish said or did.
 
We have Independent power being proved by the hour to be an environmental catastrophe as well as being fiscally mad as they drive BC Hydro over a financial cliff.
 
And what is the latest cost of the original $1 billion dollar Site”C” at now? Did I see $8 billion with independent estimates topping $10 billion all for power we won’t need but is deliciously placed to extract natural gas and “mine” the biggest polluter on the planet, the Tar Sands?
 
We still have the Fish Lake (Prosperity Mine – don’t you love the PR slant on that name) supported by Premier Clark.
 
We have a brand new environmental threat in what is called “fracking” where gas is “mined” horizontally with enormous amounts of water taken out of an already overburdened supply. We haven’t even considered the NAFTA ramifications.
 
We have Premier Clark, if not approving pipelines from the Tar Sands to Kitimat and greater capacity of the Kinder Morgan line to Burnaby certainly not disapproving even though the record of the companies involved is appalling. On the same subject, the Campbell/Clark government some years ago wrote the feds saying that they didn’t oppose large oil tankers plying the most spectacular and dangerous waters in the world. The Campbell/Clark crowd are utterly unfazed by the fact that spills on land and sea are not “risks” but mathematical certainties.
 
While all this is going on, the C/C government is paving farm land and threatening wildlife sanctuaries.
 
It’s hard not to sniff a corporate/government conspiracy, with the government thinking they can pile so much on us at one time we can’t get our acts together.
 
They are wrong.            
 

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Kitimat Sentinel Piece on Rafe Mair as Canada’s Environmental Don Quixote

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From the Kitimat Northern SentinelJuly 22, 2011

by Allan Hewitson

I often think Don Quixote lives on in Canada and the bigger, more prominent and more challenging
the target windmill, the happier he seems to be, either leading or
joining the charge against it.

Now nearing 80, the seemingly tireless crusader I would
identify as closest to a real-life reincarnation of Miguel de
Cervante’s 17th century champion-in-chivalry and heroics  is BC’s own
environmental and always-for-honest-government battler, Rafe Mair.

I have followed Rafe Mair’s often-pugnacious escapades
and earnest campaigns for more than 20 years.  I still regularly read
his blog, his articles in The Tyee and on the Commonsense Canadian website.

I’ve faced off with him a couple of times in my
previous life and more recently. I must say he is very adept at “knife
to a gun fight” scenarios.

I don’t have his frenetic energy level, despite being a
few years younger. There’s little ambivalence in most people about
Mair. Some love him, some hate him. I suspect he prefers being liked,
but doesn’t much care one way or the other.

The former BC MLA, lawyer, cabinet minister,
broadcaster, radio commentator, writer and avid environmental
windmill-tilter and angry-man has added a whole lot of additional issues
to his list of targets since he first emerged to oppose situations he
did not agree with such as the Kemano Completion Project in BC and the
Meech Lake and Charlottetown constitutional accords nationally.

This week, as I surfed my e-mail, Rafe was again front
and centre, urging his website supporters to be active “as our own
media” in recirculating his thoughts to their own e-mail friends,
because he feels unable to count on the integrity or reliability of BC’s
mainstream media to alert British Columbians to the many indiscretions
of the federal government, the conspiratorial activities of what he
describes freely as “the corrupt B.C. Liberal Government”, or the legion
of doomsday scenarios facing this province, this country and the world
environment at the hands of big corporations..

An avid angler, Mair is still an ardent supporter of
“saving BC rivers”, but for him that challenge has taken on a more
serious and multi-national hue as he scraps with the province and its
support for proponents of dozens of private run-of-the-river
hydro-electric projects which he fears are combining to destroy scores
of vital wild salmon habitats as well as hastening the bankruptcy and
privatization of BC Hydro, forced by government to buy the power
produced by these projects at uneconomically-sustainable prices – and at
times when it is not needed.

Mair fully believes that BC waters are endangered by
dangerous oil and gas pipeline plans, the existing and the future
planned supertanker commercialization of the Douglas Channel, North
Coast, Haida Gwaii, Burrard Inlet, Gulf Islands and other waters.

Countless salmon rivers and creeks could be crossed by
oil and gas pipelines that will (“it’s a matter of time”, he says) leak
and pollute those coastal waters.

It appears that the Auditor-General of B.C. has finally
acknowledged what Rafe et al, have known forever, that BC’s
environmental assessment process is a sham and I have little doubt that
his view is accurate, but equally little confidence in the government’s
ability to adjust legislation to improve assessments.

Many other issues remain of deep concern to Mair,
including multi-national West Coast fish farming practices and related
impacts on wild salmon, gas exploration and fracking of natural gas
deposits in the north-east, items of past injustices and inaction – such
as the murky events leading up to the mysterious sale of BC Rail – wind
power and non-green “green” projects, the continuing HST fiasco where

BC will stand on the Liberals if new premier Christy Clark
waits till May, 2013 before going to the people in a new election,
Enbridge’s Gateway project, existing oil exports from Vancouver  and so
on.

His latest blogging effort, attacking corporations
supporting shark fishing for the purpose of de-finning the animals for
popular shark-fin soup, an oriental delicacy, demonstrates Mair shows
absolutely no signs of slowing down or backing off in pursuing his
beliefs: right and good in principle – and supportive of a
highly-energetic friend, Anthony Marr, a UBC-educated wildlife
preservationist.

Not surprising, I guess, because Marr shows on his own
website that there’s a mutual-admiration society between Rafe and
himself when he says, under the heading “Oil Spill a Certainty” by Rafe
Mair, that Rafe is “ THE most environmentally conscious and passionate
broadcaster and public figure in Canada, or the world for that matter,
that I’ve had the pleasure to know…”

Anyway, this all boils down to my personal
acknowledgment that Rafe Mair does hold some special status as a
pre-eminent commentator on matters environmental in British Columbia and
his advancing age certainly seems to be a non-factor in his
productivity.

That being said, he isn’t necessarily always right – or always wrong, for that matter.

But he remains a highly opinionated, persistent, impatient and powerful fighter for issues he opposes.

In this particular shark-fin instance and in many of
his other fights, I support his points of view, but not in everything.
Taking on the Asian world for sharks is a big step…

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Fracking Companies Look to Drain Williston Reservoir for Water Needs

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From the Alaska Highway News (Fort St. John) – June 8, 2011

by Ryan Lux

Applications have been submitted by two
energy companies to the Ministry of Forests, Land and Natural Resource
Operations, to pipe water out of the Williston Reservoir for use in
fraccing operations on the Montney shale gas play.


According to the OGC, Talisman Energy
and Canbriam are both seeking to withdraw 10,000 cubic metres of water
per day – 7,300,000 cubic meters per year in total – to provide water to
their various drilling sites through a network of pipelines.


Up to this point, both energy companies
have been depending on short-term water use permits, which allow
industry to draw water from surface sources and shallow wells. One
surface source, which has generated tension, is the Lynx Creek boat
launch where Talisman has been withdrawing 4,000 cubic meters per day.


The tension created by trucking water
out of the popular recreation spot will be eliminated, according to
Talisman spokesperson, Phoebe Buckland, if the company receives approval
to pipe the water from the Williston Reservoir.


“We’ve been using temporary permits
over the last couple of years through the OGC and now we’ve applied for
two permanent licenses for the Williston Reservoir, one to withdraw the
water and the other to construct a pipeline,” said Buckland.


“After reviewing our options we feel
that the this is the best solution, as the Williston Reservoir provides a
reliable source of water and the pipeline would reduce tanker traffic –
reducing the impact on residents and our greenhouse gas emissions at
the same time.”


If approved, the water would come from
the reservoir south of Hudson’s Hope and run to Talisman’s Beryl Prairie
Road facility, where it would be stored in pits and tanks until used
for fraccing operations.


Talisman plans to withdraw 3.6 million
cubic meters a year, a figure which Talisman claims represents only 0.01
per cent of the average yearly flow through the W.A.C. Bennett Dam.


Despite the fact that their proposed
water withdrawal only represents a fraction of the river’s flow,
Buckland explained her company plans to recycle almost all of the water
they use.


“Water management is something we take
very seriously and we are aware that fraccing requires large volumes of
water,” acknowledged Buckland, “We’re recycling close to 100 per cent of
the water to be used in future fracs.”


Buckland explained that following a frac, the water returns to the surface where Talisman captures it for re-use.


Even with assurances of solid water management, critics have raised concerns about Talisman’s proposal.


Sustained drought has placed a strain
on water levels in Williston Reservoir, which was four metres below
average in September 2010, a situation that forced BC Hydro to import
$200 million of electricity last year.


Ben Parfitt, of the Canadian Centre for
Policy Alternatives, explained what concerns him about the permanent
water licensing proposals is the prospect of locking public water
supplies into private companies for what could be decades.


Chief Roland Willson expressed concerns
over the consultation process: “As far as I’m concerned, the Oil and
Gas Commission should not be leading any consultation on water rights or
allocations in our territory,” Willson said. “That’s a job for
provincial water regulators. The other thing that really concerns me is
that when they finally send us information they neglect to mention that
Talisman is not alone in seeking to divert massive amounts of water out
of Williston Reservoir.


“In fact, there is at least one other
major water diversion proposal that has been filed with the provincial
government. If they want to present us with the ‘bigger picture’ they
need to give us all the information, not half of it.”


BC Hydro didn’t return calls by press
time to discuss whether or not the Crown Corporation would receive
compensation for the diverted water, which otherwise would be used to
produce electricity. At present, energy companies don’t pay for the
water they draw from surface sources and shallow wells.


Buckland said Talisman is confident
their proposal will meet provincial requirements and that the process
has engaged the public through consultation and awareness campaigns. To
date, Buckland couldn’t recall any water applications submitted by
Talisman that haven’t been approved.


Construction on the pipeline could
proceed as soon as this summer and be completed within several months,
pending regulatory approval.

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U.K. Company Suspends Fracking Operations after Possibly Triggering Earthquakes

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From The New York Times – June 6, 2011

by David Jolly

PARIS — A British company said Wednesday that it would temporarily halt
the use of a controversial gas exploration technology after indications
that it might have set off two small earthquakes near a test well in
Lancashire, England.

The company, Cuadrilla Resources,
which is exploring for gas in shale formations deep underground, said
it would postpone hydraulic fracturing, or fracking, operations at the
Preese Hall site near Weeton.

“We take our responsibilities very seriously,” Mark Miller, the chief
executive of Cuadrilla, said in a statement, “and that is why we have
stopped fracking operations, to share information and consult with the
relevant authorities and other experts.”

Fracking is a procedure in which water, chemicals and sand are injected deep underground to free oil or gas trapped in dense shale formations.

The technology is widely used in the United States, where it has contributed to a boom in natural gas
production. It has been criticized because the fracking chemicals are
believed to have the potential to contaminate groundwater.

“We have discussed this with Cuadrilla and agreed that a pause in
operations is appropriate so that a better understanding can be gained
of the cause of the seismic events,” the British Department of Energy and Climate Change said in a statement.

Experts from the British Geological Survey, the government and Keele University are examining the data, “and we will need to consider the findings into the cause of the event,” the department said.

The halt was called after the British Geological Survey recorded an earthquake early on May 27 at a depth of about 1.25 miles, with a magnitude of 1.5.

“Any process that injects pressurized water into rocks at depth will
cause the rock to fracture and possibly produce earthquakes,” the survey
said on its Web site.

Brian Baptie, the top seismology official for the organization, said in a
statement that measuring instruments had been installed close to the
drill site after a magnitude 2.3 earthquake occurred on April 1.

“The recorded waveforms are very similar to those from the magnitude 2.3
event,” Mr. Baptie said, “which suggests that the two events share a
similar location and mechanism.”

The two quakes were barely perceptible to humans.

Industry officials say Europe is a decade or more behind the United
States in its effort to recover “unconventional” hydrocarbons like the
oil and gas in shale. Governments and energy companies have viewed
technologies like fracking as a means to reduce European Union
dependence on imported oil and gas, but there can be no certainty that
exploitable deposits exist without further testing.

Cuadrilla’s announcement came as the French Senate on Wednesday began a debate on a proposed fracking ban.

The lower house of Parliament on May 11 passed its own bill,
which would prohibit fracking in the exploration and recovery of oil
and gas, and would revoke existing exploration contracts that relied on
the procedure. The Senate, though, is considering a measure that would
leave open the door to fracking for research.

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